At the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, a virtual tour of the Goat Cave in the Altai Territory has been created — it is known as one of the Denisovan human sites. The monument was discovered during an archaeological survey in 2020 and was studied in 2021-2023, according to the institute’s press service.
Novosibirsk archaeologists study ancient human sites in Altai and create virtual journeys that allow anyone to see them. In 2024, with the support of a grant from the Russian Ministry of Education and Science under the federal project “Popularization of Science and Technology,” such a journey to a new Stone Age monument — the Goat Cave, where traces of Denisovan habitation have been recorded — became available.
The Goat Cave is located in the Krasnoschekovsky District of the Altai Territory. As tour visitors can see, the cave is small in size, and not many finds have been made there, but from the discovered stone tools, scientists were able to establish that they were left by Denisovans — representatives of the third known subspecies of ancient humans.
To date, researchers have proven the presence of Denisovan humans in the Denisova Cave, as well as in the Baishiya caves in Tibet and Tam Ngu Hao 2 in Laos. The Goat Cave has become the fourth known habitation site of these people.
Although the Denisovans at one time could not withstand competition with anatomically modern humans, they left their mark in the human genome. Today’s discoveries in Altai allow for a better understanding of the adaptation strategies of different groups of ancient humans and the history of their interactions.
Another unique feature of the Goat Cave is that for the Middle Paleolithic period, a short-term settlement of ancient humans was recorded for the first time. Scientists believe that ancient hunters stopped in the Goat Cave during their migrations following hunting targets — bison and wild horses. The age of this temporary settlement has been estimated at 55-45 thousand years. The planned excavations at the cave have been completed, but work with the materials collected there continues.
The next destination of the project by the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences “Ancient Paths of Altai” is a virtual journey to the Chagyr Cave in Altai, a settlement of “late” European Neanderthals, descendants of the second wave of migration from Europe to Asia that began around 60 thousand years ago.