It is not uncommon for these hoofed animals to gather in herds and begin circling in one spot. From above, this phenomenon is mesmerizing: the movement of numerous deer in a perfectly round circle has a hypnotic effect. Why do deer form such an unusual pattern? Defensive Instinct Although deer have lived alongside humans for many years, they have never been fully domesticated. Wild instincts still run through their veins, reminding them to be ready to flee or to group together to protect vulnerable individuals – the elderly, the sick, females, and fawns. This behavior is not unique to deer. In the wild, other hoofed animals like buffalo, cows, or even elephants often form circles when faced with danger. They group together, leaving the vulnerable members in the center for protection. However, such “dances” are not always performed. Stronger individuals often form a line or a circle, facing the threat with their horns or tusks. In these cases, predators have minimal chances of launching a successful attack. Deer have retained their natural defensive instinct as well. Younger, older, or injured individuals, as well as pregnant females, are natural targets for predators such as bears or wolves. These hoofed animals cannot defend themselves, so they cluster together in a herd and begin circling around the vulnerable members. For a predator, this "wall" is nearly impenetrable, significantly increasing the chances that the hungry animal will abandon its attack. Each deer protects the back of the one ahead while simultaneously creating a barrier for those attempting to reach weaker individuals. However, the possibility of an attack still exists. Interestingly, deer often perform such “dances” even in enclosures. It seems they do not place much trust in human-built fences. To us, deer in enclosures appear safe, but it’s possible that even when surrounded by sturdy fences, they still feel fear and unease. Additionally, deer’s agility and energetic nature may contribute to their tendency to “dance.” Cows, which use a similar principle of defense when threatened, are slower and rely on their horns. In contrast, deer are naturally more active. Myths and Theories About Herd Circling The phenomenon of herd circling is not only a behavioral effect but also holds symbolic significance. Among nomadic peoples, circling is often associated with both physical and mental dynamics. A circle or oval formed by moving deer can symbolize the dynamic nature of nomadism, contrasting with the static nature of the square in sedentary cultures. Even concepts like "samsara" or "mandala" represent movement and life. Artists often use circular forms to depict these ideas. Humans, like many animals, are acutely aware of their surroundings and their place within them. Simplistically, one might say that humans feel bravery and energy when encircling an opponent, yet fear and vulnerability when surrounded. Some researchers argue that the circle itself lacks inherent properties, but when movement begins within it, something extraordinary happens. Especially when a mass – a herd – is involved, it creates the impression of space being claimed. Consider symbols of infinity or time – they are often represented as wheels or loops. Subconsciously, movement is “added” to these symbols. Among nomadic Nenets, many maneuvers involving herding or grazing deer follow circular patterns. For example, their encampments might stretch out in a ribbon while on the move but gather into a circle or semicircle when stationary. Researchers suggest that all their actions – herding, stopping, setting up camp, or completing rituals – tend to take on a rounded shape. The circle holds particular significance in Nenet life. Even the base of their traditional dwellings, the chum, is circular. Many rituals are performed in a circular manner as well. For instance, during weddings, caravans circle the bride’s father’s chum three times before circling the groom’s chum three times. Even their dances often involve circular movements, reflecting a deep connection to their roots, history, and traditions.