A six-hundred-square-meter dacha, a kayak trip, a road trip, a seaside vacation, a mountain resort...
All these were legitimate options for summer vacations for Soviet citizens. Choices depended on preferences and, of course, the thickness of one's wallet.
The ultimate dream was to travel abroad. Even if it was to Bulgaria, which a famous Soviet saying compared to a chicken—not really a bird, not really abroad.
In the Soviet Union, people knew how to relax too. Sanatoriums and rest homes were great, but the ideal was, of course, the beach!
Let's imagine that we go back 40 years, to 1984. Summer is approaching, which means a Soviet citizen needs to urgently arrange a family vacation.
The first step in trying to reach domestic resorts was a medical examination at the local clinic. This was necessary to get a referral for sanatorium treatment—maybe you'd be "lucky" to find some ailment and go to the sea to improve your health for free. If everything was fine health-wise, the second step was to go to the trade union committee. There, you'd get in line and try to secure a family discount of up to 50%. Without it, a trip would cost on average between 80 and 120 rubles for a family. The maximum price was for 21 days in a sanatorium, the minimum for 12 days in a boarding house.
For comparison, at that time, the average salary in the country was about 120 rubles. So, it was enough to work for a month to then almost have a month's vacation.
However, the main difficulty was not saving up for the vacation but securing the trip voucher. The system for distributing vouchers for sanatorium-resort treatment was finely tuned in the Soviet Union. People would queue for them in advance.
Every citizen's dream was to get a voucher from their workplace or trade union for sanatoriums in the Baltic States (Jurmala, Palanga), Crimea, Sochi, and Abkhazia. Three meals a day, treatment, beach cafes, and discos!
People also traveled "on their own" or "wild style" if they had their own car or managed to buy a train or plane ticket. They rented housing from locals, cooked for themselves, or ate in canteens.
Young people preferred group hiking trips through the mountains, with tents and cooking pots. Tourist sections were present in every enterprise and educational institution. Hiking was considered a sport—one could earn a sports rank.
Soviet schoolchildren spent their summers either with relatives in the village or in pioneer camps, where they also got vouchers from their parents' workplaces.
And if it wasn't possible (or desired) to go south, vacations were usually spent at dachas.