Early Cancer Detection Cancer is the second leading cause of death after heart disease. In 2023, cancer detection cases increased by 76%, and mortality by 18%. Therefore, early diagnosis is crucial, giving doctors a better chance of successful treatment. The Ministry of Health has proposed changes to the 2019 Russian Government decrees concerning the funding of the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund (FOMS) and its territorial branches. These changes will improve support for medical organizations, including the payment of doctors' salaries and incentives for early cancer detection during medical checkups and preventive examinations. The Ministry of Health proposes increasing the reserve to 30% of all budget transfers, as the current 20% does not meet the needs. In 2023, regions needed almost 15 billion rubles, which nearly exhausted the funds they received. Experts believe that such measures will improve cancer diagnosis. The earlier the disease is detected, the higher the patient’s chances of recovery, and additional payments will increase the number of specialists involved. In the summer of 2023, the Ministry of Health announced that by the end of the year, preclinical trials of a cancer vaccine would be completed in Russia. The drug will be administered to people already affected by any type of tumor.